## 9.12. Network Address Functions and Operators

Table 9.34 shows the operators available for the `cidr` and `inet` types. The operators `<<`, `<<=`, `>>`, `>>=`, and `&&` test for subnet inclusion. They consider only the network parts of the two addresses (ignoring any host part) and determine whether one network is identical to or a subnet of the other.

Table 9.34. `cidr` and `inet` Operators

Operator | Description | Example
--- | --- | ---
`<` | is less than | `inet '192.168.1.5' < inet '192.168.1.6'`
`<=` | is less than or equal | `inet '192.168.1.5' <= inet '192.168.1.5'`
`=` | equals | `inet '192.168.1.5' = inet '192.168.1.5'`
`>=` | is greater or equal | `inet '192.168.1.5' >= inet '192.168.1.5'`
`>` | is greater than | `inet '192.168.1.5' > inet '192.168.1.4'`
`<>` | is not equal | `inet '192.168.1.5' <> inet '192.168.1.4'`
`<<` | is contained by | `inet '192.168.1.5' << inet '192.168.1/24'`
`<<=` | is contained by or equals | `inet '192.168.1/24' <<= inet '192.168.1/24'`
`>>` | contains | `inet '192.168.1/24' >> inet '192.168.1.5'`
`>>=` | contains or equals | `inet '192.168.1/24' >>= inet '192.168.1/24'`
`&&` | contains or is contained by | `inet '192.168.1/24' && inet '192.168.1.80/28'`
`~` | bitwise NOT | `~ inet '192.168.1.6'`
`&` | bitwise AND | `inet '192.168.1.6' & inet '0.0.0.255'`
`|` | bitwise OR | `inet '192.168.1.6' | inet '0.0.0.255'`
`+` | addition | `inet '192.168.1.6' + 25`
`-` | subtraction | `inet '192.168.1.43' - 36`
`-` | subtraction | `inet '192.168.1.43' - inet '192.168.1.19'`

Table 9.35 shows the functions available for use with the `cidr` and `inet` types. The `abbrev`, `host`, and `text` functions are primarily intended to offer alternative display formats.

Table 9.35. `cidr` and `inet` Functions

Function | Return Type | Description | Example | Result
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
``abbrev(`inet`)`` | `text` | abbreviated display format as text | `abbrev(inet '10.1.0.0/16')` | `10.1.0.0/16`
``abbrev(`cidr`)`` | `text` | abbreviated display format as text | `abbrev(cidr '10.1.0.0/16')` | `10.1/16`
``broadcast(`inet`)`` | `inet` | broadcast address for network | `broadcast('192.168.1.5/24')` | `192.168.1.255/24`
``family(`inet`)`` | `int` | extract family of address; `4` for IPv4, `6` for IPv6 | `family('::1')` | `6`
``host(`inet`)`` | `text` | extract IP address as text | `host('192.168.1.5/24')` | `192.168.1.5`
``hostmask(`inet`)`` | `inet` | construct host mask for network | `hostmask('192.168.23.20/30')` | `0.0.0.3`
``masklen(`inet`)`` | `int` | extract netmask length | `masklen('192.168.1.5/24')` | `24`
``netmask(`inet`)`` | `inet` | construct netmask for network | `netmask('192.168.1.5/24')` | `255.255.255.0`
``network(`inet`)`` | `cidr` | extract network part of address | `network('192.168.1.5/24')` | `192.168.1.0/24`
``set_masklen(`inet`, `int`)`` | `inet` | set netmask length for `inet` value | `set_masklen('192.168.1.5/24', 16)` | `192.168.1.5/16`
``set_masklen(`cidr`, `int`)`` | `cidr` | set netmask length for `cidr` value | `set_masklen('192.168.1.0/24'::cidr, 16)` | `192.168.0.0/16`
``text(`inet`)`` | `text` | extract IP address and netmask length as text | `text(inet '192.168.1.5')` | `192.168.1.5/32`
``inet_same_family(`inet`, `inet`)`` | `boolean` | are the addresses from the same family? | `inet_same_family('192.168.1.5/24', '::1')` | `false`
``inet_merge(`inet`, `inet`)`` | `cidr` | the smallest network which includes both of the given networks | `inet_merge('192.168.1.5/24', '192.168.2.5/24')` | `192.168.0.0/22`

Any `cidr` value can be cast to `inet` implicitly or explicitly; therefore, the functions shown above as operating on `inet` also work on `cidr` values. (Where there are separate functions for `inet` and `cidr`, it is because the behavior should be different for the two cases.) Also, it is permitted to cast an `inet` value to `cidr`. When this is done, any bits to the right of the netmask are silently zeroed to create a valid `cidr` value. In addition, you can cast a text value to `inet` or `cidr` using normal casting syntax: for example, `inet(`expression`)` or ``colname`::cidr`.

Table 9.36 shows the functions available for use with the `macaddr` type. The function ``trunc(`macaddr`)`` returns a MAC address with the last 3 bytes set to zero. This can be used to associate the remaining prefix with a manufacturer.

Table 9.36. `macaddr` Functions

Function | Return Type | Description | Example | Result
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
``trunc(`macaddr`)`` | `macaddr` | set last 3 bytes to zero | `trunc(macaddr '12:34:56:78:90:ab')` | `12:34:56:00:00:00`

The `macaddr` type also supports the standard relational operators (`>`, `<=`, etc.) for lexicographical ordering, and the bitwise arithmetic operators (`~`, `&` and `|`) for NOT, AND and OR.