## REVOKE

REVOKE — remove access privileges

## Synopsis

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
        [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON { [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
             | ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column_name [, ...] )
        [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column_name [, ...] ) }
        ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
        [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON { SEQUENCE sequence_name [, ...]
             | ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON DATABASE database_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON DOMAIN domain_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON FOREIGN SERVER server_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON { { FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | ROUTINE } function_name [ ( [ [ argmode ] [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] ) ] [, ...]
             | ALL { FUNCTIONS | PROCEDURES | ROUTINES } IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { { SELECT | UPDATE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON LARGE OBJECT loid [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { { CREATE | USAGE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
        ON TYPE type_name [, ...]
        FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
        role_name [, ...] FROM role_specification [, ...]
        [ GRANTED BY role_specification ]
        [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    where role_specification can be:

        [ GROUP ] role_name
      | PUBLIC
      | CURRENT_USER
      | SESSION_USER

## Description

The `REVOKE` command revokes previously granted privileges from one or more roles. The key word `PUBLIC` refers to the implicitly defined group of all roles.

See the description of the GRANT command for the meaning of the privilege types.

Note that any particular role will have the sum of privileges granted directly to it, privileges granted to any role it is presently a member of, and privileges granted to `PUBLIC`. Thus, for example, revoking `SELECT` privilege from `PUBLIC` does not necessarily mean that all roles have lost `SELECT` privilege on the object: those who have it granted directly or via another role will still have it. Similarly, revoking `SELECT` from a user might not prevent that user from using `SELECT` if `PUBLIC` or another membership role still has `SELECT` rights.

If `GRANT OPTION FOR` is specified, only the grant option for the privilege is revoked, not the privilege itself. Otherwise, both the privilege and the grant option are revoked.

If a user holds a privilege with grant option and has granted it to other users then the privileges held by those other users are called dependent privileges. If the privilege or the grant option held by the first user is being revoked and dependent privileges exist, those dependent privileges are also revoked if `CASCADE` is specified; if it is not, the revoke action will fail. This recursive revocation only affects privileges that were granted through a chain of users that is traceable to the user that is the subject of this `REVOKE` command. Thus, the affected users might effectively keep the privilege if it was also granted through other users.

When revoking privileges on a table, the corresponding column privileges (if any) are automatically revoked on each column of the table, as well. On the other hand, if a role has been granted privileges on a table, then revoking the same privileges from individual columns will have no effect.

When revoking membership in a role, `GRANT OPTION` is instead called `ADMIN OPTION`, but the behavior is similar. This form of the command also allows a `GRANTED BY` option, but that option is currently ignored (except for checking the existence of the named role). Note also that this form of the command does not allow the noise word `GROUP` in `role_specification`.

## Notes

A user can only revoke privileges that were granted directly by that user. If, for example, user A has granted a privilege with grant option to user B, and user B has in turn granted it to user C, then user A cannot revoke the privilege directly from C. Instead, user A could revoke the grant option from user B and use the `CASCADE` option so that the privilege is in turn revoked from user C. For another example, if both A and B have granted the same privilege to C, A can revoke their own grant but not B's grant, so C will still effectively have the privilege.

When a non-owner of an object attempts to `REVOKE` privileges on the object, the command will fail outright if the user has no privileges whatsoever on the object. As long as some privilege is available, the command will proceed, but it will revoke only those privileges for which the user has grant options. The `REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES` forms will issue a warning message if no grant options are held, while the other forms will issue a warning if grant options for any of the privileges specifically named in the command are not held. (In principle these statements apply to the object owner as well, but since the owner is always treated as holding all grant options, the cases can never occur.)

If a superuser chooses to issue a `GRANT` or `REVOKE` command, the command is performed as though it were issued by the owner of the affected object. Since all privileges ultimately come from the object owner (possibly indirectly via chains of grant options), it is possible for a superuser to revoke all privileges, but this might require use of `CASCADE` as stated above.

`REVOKE` can also be done by a role that is not the owner of the affected object, but is a member of the role that owns the object, or is a member of a role that holds privileges `WITH GRANT OPTION` on the object. In this case the command is performed as though it were issued by the containing role that actually owns the object or holds the privileges `WITH GRANT OPTION`. For example, if table `t1` is owned by role `g1`, of which role `u1` is a member, then `u1` can revoke privileges on `t1` that are recorded as being granted by `g1`. This would include grants made by `u1` as well as by other members of role `g1`.

If the role executing `REVOKE` holds privileges indirectly via more than one role membership path, it is unspecified which containing role will be used to perform the command. In such cases it is best practice to use `SET ROLE` to become the specific role you want to do the `REVOKE` as. Failure to do so might lead to revoking privileges other than the ones you intended, or not revoking anything at all.

See Section 5.7 for more information about specific privilege types, as well as how to inspect objects' privileges.

## Examples

Revoke insert privilege for the public on table `films`:

    REVOKE INSERT ON films FROM PUBLIC;

Revoke all privileges from user `manuel` on view `kinds`:

    REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON kinds FROM manuel;

Note that this actually means “revoke all privileges that I granted”.

Revoke membership in role `admins` from user `joe`:

    REVOKE admins FROM joe;

## Compatibility

The compatibility notes of the GRANT command apply analogously to `REVOKE`. The keyword `RESTRICT` or `CASCADE` is required according to the standard, but PostgreSQL assumes `RESTRICT` by default.

## See Also

GRANT, ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES