## Appendix H. External Projects

PostgreSQL is a complex software project, and managing the project is difficult. We have found that many enhancements to PostgreSQL can be more efficiently developed separately from the core project.

## H.1. Client Interfaces

There are only two client interfaces included in the base PostgreSQL distribution:

- libpq is included because it is the primary C language interface, and because many other client interfaces are built on top of it.

- ECPG is included because it depends on the server-side SQL grammar, and is therefore sensitive to changes in PostgreSQL itself.

All other language interfaces are external projects and are distributed separately. Table H.1 includes a list of some of these projects. Note that some of these packages might not be released under the same license as PostgreSQL. For more information on each language interface, including licensing terms, refer to its website and documentation.

Table H.1. Externally Maintained Client Interfaces

Name | Language | Comments | Website
--- | --- | --- | ---
DBD::Pg | Perl | Perl DBI driver | https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg
JDBC | Java | Type 4 JDBC driver | https://jdbc.postgresql.org/
libpqxx | C++ | C++ interface | https://pqxx.org/
node-postgres | JavaScript | Node.js driver | https://node-postgres.com/
Npgsql | .NET | .NET data provider | https://www.npgsql.org/
pgtcl | Tcl |  | https://github.com/flightaware/Pgtcl
pgtclng | Tcl |  | https://sourceforge.net/projects/pgtclng/
pq | Go | Pure Go driver for Go's database/sql | https://github.com/lib/pq
psqlODBC | ODBC | ODBC driver | https://odbc.postgresql.org/
psycopg | Python | DB API 2.0-compliant | https://www.psycopg.org/